En.ExtraNews – The long maintenance insurance system was established in 2000. As a whole system of the company to support the care of the elderly nursing. Municipalities act as insurers and apply all citizens over 40 years of age. Compared to other countries, this system is quite generous, depending on insurance and benefits. Since 2016 April More than five million people had long -term care insurance. [16]
The bases of Japanese nursing insurance are described in detail in section 1. According to the old welfare system, which existed in the past, the city governments received the final statement when choosing services, and because consumers were unable to choose the content of the toilet, the content of the service satisfied, whose service content was higher. In addition, because the service fees were based on the patient’s ability to pay, people with average and high levels of heavy burden and general hospitals have begun solving long -term nursing care problems.
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Along with the rapid aging of the population, the number of people in need of nursing, as well as the duration of treatment itself, has increased, and nursing needs increased and increased. At the same time, Quo, when families traditionally stood for the elderly needs, began to change when nuclear families changed and treated as aging. [17]
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Thinking of such problems and such changes, Japan has created a long -term maintenance insurance system as a way to support the care of the elderly nursing as a whole company.
Independence of Support Support: Execution simply provides necessary care for nursing and maintains the independence of the elderly.
System System Society User: Provides users integrated health and welfare services from a variety of factors at their own discretion.
System Social Security System: Use a social security plan with a clear relationship between benefits and cargo.
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Long -term care insurance subscribers are divided into two 65 -year categories (insured in Category 1) and 45-64 -year -olds who are registered in parallel with other health insurance plans (insured in Category 2).
○ Category 1 Insurer: Suitable for the toilet, regardless of whether they receive a certificate of nursing or a support certificate.
○ Category 2 Insured: You can only enter the toilet after they receive a certificate of nursing or support certification for aging diseases (indicated diseases).
At the end of 2015 FY, Category 1 Insured 33.82 million. And category 2 sailed 42.04 million.
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Sign up in Category 1 (65 years of age and over), pay your health insurance and long -term care insurance. Contributions and insurance rates are determined by municipalities and are related to nine standard income levels. [20] For registration in Category 2 (40 to 64 years), health insurance and long -term care insurance are paid together for one amount of time. [21]
There was a lot of debate around the development of a long -term maintenance insurance system that focused on justifying people 40 years and older. Among the different opinions, the focus was on people aged 20 and older or older, but in 1996 they have to take care of their parents and therefore need increasing social support. As a result, it was decided to record people 40 years of age and older, as nursing costs should be supported by society as a whole. It was during such discussions that the current system was fired by the tendons. (MHLW, 2006)
As in Figure 3-2-1, half of the long-term supervision insurance financing is obtained from registration contributions and the other half of the state funding. The budget for nursing benefits is 9.6 trillion in 2016. Fy. The funds were trained in category 1 (2.1 trillion yen), category 2 contributions (2.7 trillion yen), national treasury (2.2 trillion yen), districts (1.4 trillion yen) and municipalities (1.2 trillion jen yen ).
As with medical expenses, nursing treatment costs are increasing each year with increasing benefits, and this trend is expected to continue in the future, taking into account the aging of the company in Japan. [22]
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Funding imbalance and financial loads are among the districts due to the fact that areas with a large part of the 75 -year -olds compete with immigrants’ benefits and districts with an average income level of low income. The financial actions are taken – five percent of the 26% of the financial campaign provided by the national treasury, taking into account the fiscal changes. The regulatory system is worried about imagining the initiatives of the medical treatment system (explained in section 1.2) in the sense that both systems are designed to help reduce the balance of fiscal resources of different security.
In order to use nursing services, applications shall be submitted to the city government institutions or in detailed community support centers. For qualifications, candidates must obtain a qualification of nursing or a certificate of support. Upon receipt of the certificate, treatment guides make plans for candidates that allow them to use various services.
The person’s required level of treatment (classified as a preventive level of level 1 or 2 or nursing level to 1 to 5) determines a specialist in a physician written from a doctor and survey, which attracts 74 elements. related to the activity of human life. Personal treatment level is appropriate for every two years or due to severe health deterioration. [23] The number of people who need treatment is shown in Figure 3-2-2.
In order to treat the fact that demand for nursing does not reduce and reduces the continuous population growth, which requires low levels of care (level 1 /1 nursing level), long -term long -term renewal. The Law on Treatment Prohibition provides preventive preventive treatment services. At the same point, previously authorized level 1 treatment recipients were distributed to level 1 nursing or preventive 2 level support, depending on whether their condition seems to have improved or remain the same.
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Before creating a long -term care insurance system, the treatment of the elderly is divided between the welfare system and the health system of the elderly and the elderly. In order to ensure that people who have received welfare services can continue to use the same services in the new system, the certification criteria were calm. This has led to immediate increase in the number of users who need home care or light (level 1 /1 nursing level), so the list of bottle gamblers and long -term essential intensive care lists are intensive care lists. (Prefixed naooki, 2017)
[16] The Ministry of Health, Labor and Social Affairs (2016) “Survey The Current Benefits of Nursing” http://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/kiigo/kyufu/16/index. HTML 2017 November)
[17] The Ministry of Health, Labor and Social Affairs “The Current and Future Role of Public Long-term Supervision Insurance System” http://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-cisakujouhouhou-12300000-rokenkyoku/201602KOHOKHA_2. PDF (available on November 19, 2017)
[18] The Ministry of Health, Labor and Social Affairs (2015) “Annual Maintenance Insurance Report of long -term care” http://www.mhlw.go.jp/topics/osirase/jigyo/15/dl/h27_gayou .pdf (pdf Access to 25 January 2018)
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[19] The Ministry of Health, Labor and Social Affairs “Category 2 Nursing Prohibition” http://www.mhlw.go.jp/topics/osirass/jigyo/15/dl/H27_HIHOKENHANSA. PDF (January 25, 2018)
[20] The Ministry of Health, Labor and Social Affairs “General FY2018 Budget Review (Draft) (Bureau of Elderly People’s Health and Welfare)” https://www.mhlw.go.jp/wp/wp/yosan/yosan/18sokanyosan/dl/gayo -1.
[22] The Ministry of Health, Labor and Social Affairs “The Current and Future Public Long-term Supervisory System Role” http://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-cisakujouhou-12300000-rokenkukyoku/201602KOOHOKNKONE_2. PDF (October 21, 2017) The Japanese Constitution, which was established in 1947. May i]. In 1961, due to the Government of Social Welfare, Japan reached universal health care (UHC). [1]
Registration for public health insurance, despite citizenship, is for those who live in Japan for three months and more. Instead of freely chosen by the registrators, public health insurance plans are created according to employment, age and residential. If he is registered, the household manager is not entitled to his employer, then the plan is based on the head of the household, the age and the residential house.
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Despite the health insurance plan where Japanese residents are registered, they are free to choose their health care providers and the frequency of treatment. In Japan, this system is called the “free access system” and, based on free access, if residents have proof of insurance, they can receive the necessary medical services when they are ill or impaired due to the normal victim rate. [2]
Patients are free to get enough of the treatment you choose. For example, a person working for a tokyo company
